Which body determines guilt or innocence in trials and is typically composed of 6 to 12 members?

• A. Grand Jury
• B. Petit Jury
• C. Peremptory Challenge
• D. Affirmative Action

Answer: (B)

The body that decides guilt or innocence in criminal trials is the trial jury, also known as the petit jury. It’s usually made up of 6 to 12 ordinary citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides, weigh the testimony, and render a verdict of guilty or not guilty. This role is distinct from a grand jury, which determines whether there is enough evidence to indict a suspect (that is, to bring charges) and is typically larger and operates in secrecy. The other options aren’t about deciding guilt; a peremptory challenge is a tool used during jury selection to remove potential jurors without stating a reason, and affirmative action refers to policies addressing civil rights and diversity, not jury duties.