Which test is applied to classifications based on race, requiring a compelling reason and least restrictive means?

• A. Rational Basis Test
• B. Strict Scrutiny Test
• C. Heightened Scrutiny Test
• D. Suspect Classification

Answer: (B)

When a law uses classifications based on race, courts apply strict scrutiny, the toughest level of review. The government must show a compelling interest for the law and that the means chosen are narrowly tailored to achieve that purpose, using the least restrictive means available. This combination is why strict scrutiny is the best answer: it protects racial classifications from arbitrary or broad justifications by demanding strong justification and precise targeting. In contrast, rational basis review only requires a plausible connection to a legitimate government interest and is far more permissive, while intermediate (heightened) scrutiny applies to some classifications like gender, not race. The term suspect classification refers to the category itself that triggers strict scrutiny, not the test.